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2009年5月10日星期日

Zong Zi in the Chinese Dragon Boat Festival (Duanwu Festival)

2009年5月7日星期四

Dragon Boat Festival (Duanwu Festival)

The Dragon Boat Festival , also called the Duanwu Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by eating zong zi (glutinous rice（糯米）wrapped to form a pyramid using bamboo or reed leaves) and racing dragon boats.

5th day of the 5th lunar month

The festival is best known for its dragon-boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes. This regatta（赛舟会）commemorates the death of Qu Yuan , an honest minister who is said to have committed suicide by drowning himself in a river.

Qu was a minister of the State of Chu situated in present-day Hunan and Hubei provinces, during the Warring States Period (475-221BC)（战国时期）. He was upright, loyal and highly esteemed for his wise counsel that brought peace and prosperity to the state. However, when a dishonest and corrupt prince vilified Qu, he was disgraced and dismissed from office. Realizing that the country was now in the hands of evil and corrupt officials, Qu grabbed a large stone and leapt into the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth month. Nearby fishermen rushed over to try and save him but were unable to even recover his body. Thereafter, the state declined and was eventually conquered by the State of Qin.

Qu Yuan

The people of Chu who mourned the death of Qu threw rice into the river to feed his ghost every year on the fifth day of the fifth month. But one year, the spirit of Qu appeared and told the mourners that a huge reptile（爬行动物）in the river had stolen the rice. The spirit then advised them to wrap the rice in silk and bind it with five different-colored threads before tossing it into the river.

During the Duanwu Festival, a glutinous rice pudding called zong zi is eaten to symbolize the rice offerings to Qu. Ingredients such as beans, lotus seeds（莲子）, chestnuts（栗子）, pork fat and the golden yolk of a salted duck egg are often added to the glutinous rice. The pudding is then wrapped with bamboo leaves, bound with a kind of raffia and boiled in salt water for hours.

The dragon-boat races symbolize the many attempts to rescue and recover Qu's body. A typical dragon boat ranges from 50-100 feet in length, with a beam of about 5.5 feet, accommodating two paddlers seated side by side.

A wooden dragon head is attached at the bow, and a dragon tail at the stern（船尾）. A banner hoisted on a pole is also fastened at the stern and the hull is decorated with red, green and blue scales edged in gold. In the center of the boat is a canopied shrine behind which the drummers, gong（铜锣）beaters and cymbal（铙钹）players are seated to set the pace for the paddlers. There are also men positioned at the bow to set off firecrackers, toss rice into the water and pretend to be looking for Qu. All of the noise and pageantry creates an atmosphere of gaiety and excitement for the participants and spectators alike. The races are held among different clans, villages and organizations, and the winners are awarded medals, banners, jugs of wine and festive meals.

2009年4月25日星期六

Yummy nosh in Taiwan

Yummy nosh in Taiwan

Sichuan - Cuisine (Chinese Local Dish)

Sichuan - Cuisine (Chinese Local Dish)

2009年4月23日星期四

Traditional Herbalism food: Pear in the Waking of Insects

《月令七十二候集解》中说：“二月节，万物出乎震，震为雷，故曰惊蛰”。表示农历二月，春雷开始震响，大地回春，气候变暖，蛰伏在泥土里的各种昆虫将苏醒过来开始活动，所以就把这个节气叫惊蛰。《素问》中将惊蛰分为三候，每一候为五天，“一候桃始华；二候仓庚鸣；三候鹰化为鸠。”描述的是桃花红、李花白，黄莺鸣叫燕飞来的景象，标志着我国大部分地区都将进入春耕时期。

　　传统医学认为，春属木，入味为酸，对应五脏为肝，顺应自然界生长生发之规律，春季容易肝风、肝火妄动，易引起心脑血管病及高血压病。春季养生调肝要通过润肺健脾的方法。

　　中国民间素有“惊蛰吃梨”的习俗。梨者性寒、味甘，入肺、胃经，有清热养阴，利咽生津，润肺止咳化痰的功效。

　　惊蛰时天气乍暖还寒，气候仍然比较干燥，很容易使人口干舌燥、咽痛音哑，由于一些细菌开始活动繁殖，就容易患呼吸道疾病，表现为咳嗽咳痰，梨既可以生津润肺，又可以止咳化痰，且含丰富的果酸、铁质、维生素A、维生素C等，特别适合这一季节食用。但因其性质寒凉，不宜一次食用过多，否则反伤脾胃，对于脾胃虚寒或者血糖偏高的人，则不宜食用生梨。

Maintain healthy on herbalism food《食疗本草》

《食疗本草》为唐·孟诜(612—713) 所撰。汝州染(今河南临汝)人。该书是在《千金要方》中“食治篇增订而成的记述可供食用、又能疗病的本草专著。书目见《旧唐书·艺文志》。近人范行准认为原书是孟诜《补养方》,后经张鼎增补而易此名。

此书是唐代食物药治病专书。原书早佚，仅有残卷及佚文散见于《医心方》、《证类本草》等书中,各本所存佚文出入很大。1907年敦煌出土该书残卷,存药26味。

全书共3卷。原书有条目138条，据《嘉佑本草》记载：“张鼎（唐开元间人）又补其不足者八十九种，并归为二百二十七条。皆说食药治病之效。”书中除收有许多卓有疗效的药物和单方外，还记载了某些药物禁忌。所载食疗方下均注明药性，其次分记功效、禁忌，其间或夹有形态、产地等。另有动物脏器的食疗方法和藻菌类食品的医疗应用，产妇、小儿等饮食宜忌等记述。该书是我国现存最早的食疗专著，也是世界上现存最早的食疗专著，后世多有引用，是一部研究食疗和营养学的重要文献。

从现有残存佚文看,有不少条为《唐本草》失载的药物。如荞麦、绿豆、菠菜、白苣、胡荽、鲈鱼、鳜鱼、石首鱼等,都是本书首次记载。所录波斯石蜜、高昌榆白皮等,能反映亚洲中部地区使用食疗药的情况。

《食疗本草》对研究本草文献及饮食疗法发展史,有重要参考价值。

清光绪三十三年(1907)英国人斯坦因在敦煌莫高窟中发现该书古抄本残卷，收有从石榴至芋共26种药物的条文，现存英国伦敦博物馆。1930年日本中尾万三考察、校定了该书，以《食疗本草考察》为名。全书分两编，载药241种，是近代最早的一种辑本。兹后谢海洲等重新考求了《食疗本草》流传的佚文，辑复此书。全书分三卷，共收录260种药物，并归并同类条文，校注疑误，1984年由人民卫生出版社出版。